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Morphogenesis: Biophysics and Genetics of Dorsal Closure

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Posted on September 30, 2016 by Richard Mortensen
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  • DeepProjection: specific and robust projection of curved 2D tissue sheets from 3D microscopy using deep learning September 30, 2022
    The efficient extraction of image data from curved tissue sheets embedded in volumetric imaging data remains a serious and unsolved problem in quantitative studies of embryogenesis. Here, we present DeepProjection (DP), a trainable projection algorithm based on deep learning. This algorithm is trained on user-generated training data to locally classify 3D stack content, and to […]
    Daniel Haertter
  • Wound repair in sea urchin larvae involves pigment cells and blastocoelar cells September 6, 2022
    Sea urchin larvae spend weeks to months feeding on plankton prior to metamorphosis. When handled in the laboratory they are easily injured, suggesting that in the plankton they are injured with some frequency. Fortunately, larval wounds are repaired through an efficient wound response with mesenchymal pigment cells and blastocoelar cells assisting as the epithelium closes. […]
    Raymond L Allen
  • Superresolution microscopy reveals actomyosin dynamics in medioapical arrays May 11, 2022
    Arrays of actin filaments (F-actin) near the apical surface of epithelial cells (medioapical arrays) contribute to apical constriction and morphogenesis throughout phylogeny. Here, superresolution approaches (grazing incidence structured illumination, GI-SIM, and lattice light sheet, LLSM) microscopy resolve individual, fluorescently labeled F-actin and bipolar myosin filaments that drive amnioserosa cell shape changes during dorsal closure in […]
    Regan P Moore
  • Mutations in Drosophila crinkled/Myosin VIIA disrupt denticle morphogenesis November 28, 2020
    Actin filament crosslinking, bundling and molecular motor proteins are necessary for the assembly of epithelial projections such as microvilli, stereocilia, hairs, and bristles. Mutations in such proteins cause defects in the shape, structure, and function of these actin - based protrusions. One protein necessary for stereocilia formation, Myosin VIIA, is an actin - based motor […]
    Jennifer L Sallee
  • Identifying Key Genetic Regions for Cell Sheet Morphogenesis on Chromosome 2L Using a <em>Drosophila</em> Deficiency Screen in Dorsal Closure September 26, 2020
    Cell sheet morphogenesis is essential for metazoan development and homeostasis of animal form - it contributes to developmental milestones including gastrulation, neural tube closure, heart and palate formation and to tissue maintenance during wound healing. Dorsal closure, a well-characterized stage in Drosophila embryogenesis and a model for cell sheet morphogenesis, is a remarkably robust process […]
    Stephanie M Fogerson
  • Visualizing Intracellular Organelle and Cytoskeletal Interactions at Nanoscale Resolution on Millisecond Timescales November 21, 2018
    In eukaryotic cells, organelles and the cytoskeleton undergo highly dynamic yet organized interactions capable of orchestrating complex cellular functions. Visualizing these interactions requires noninvasive, long-duration imaging of the intracellular environment at high spatiotemporal resolution and low background. To achieve these normally opposing goals, we developed grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy (GI-SIM) that is capable of […]
    Yuting Guo
  • Contractile protein biochemistry in the Pollard Lab in Baltimore November 9, 2018
    We describe our search for the molecular mechanisms of cell motility with personal recollections of bucket biochemistry in Tom Pollards Lab at the Johns Hopkins, circa 1980.
    Daniel P Kiehart
  • Unified biophysical mechanism for cell-shape oscillations and cell ingression July 18, 2018
    We describe a mechanochemical and percolation cascade that augments myosin's regulatory network to tune cytoskeletal forces. Actomyosin forces collectively generate cytoskeletal forces during cell oscillations and ingression, which we quantify by elastic percolation of the internally driven, cross-linked actin network. Contractile units can produce relatively large, oscillatory forces that disrupt crosslinks to reduce cytoskeletal forces. […]
    Wei-Chang Lo
  • Mathematical models of dorsal closure June 1, 2018
    Dorsal closure is a model cell sheet movement that occurs midway through Drosophila embryogenesis. A dorsal hole, filled with amnioserosa, closes through the dorsalward elongation of lateral epidermal cell sheets. Closure requires contributions from 5 distinct tissues and well over 140 genes (see Mortensen et al., 2018, reviewed in Kiehart et al., 2017 and Hayes […]
    A C Aristotelous
  • Identifying Genetic Players in Cell Sheet Morphogenesis Using a <em>Drosophila</em> Deficiency Screen for Genes on Chromosome 2R Involved in Dorsal Closure May 20, 2018
    Cell sheet morphogenesis characterizes key developmental transitions and homeostasis, in vertebrates and throughout phylogeny, including gastrulation, neural tube formation and wound healing. Dorsal closure, a process during Drosophila embryogenesis, has emerged as a model for cell sheet morphogenesis. ∼140 genes are currently known to affect dorsal closure and new genes are identified each year. Many […]
    Richard D Mortensen
  • Cell Sheet Morphogenesis: Dorsal Closure in Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System October 10, 2017
    Dorsal closure is a key process during Drosophila morphogenesis that models cell sheet movements in chordates, including neural tube closure, palate formation, and wound healing. Closure occurs midway through embryogenesis and entails circumferential elongation of lateral epidermal cell sheets that close a dorsal hole filled with amnioserosa cells. Signaling pathways regulate the function of cellular […]
    Daniel P Kiehart
  • Tension Creates an Endoreplication Wavefront that Leads Regeneration of Epicardial Tissue September 27, 2017
    Mechanisms that control cell-cycle dynamics during tissue regeneration require elucidation. Here we find in zebrafish that regeneration of the epicardium, the mesothelial covering of the heart, is mediated by two phenotypically distinct epicardial cell subpopulations. These include a front of large, multinucleate leader cells, trailed by follower cells that divide to produce small, mononucleate daughters. […]
    Jingli Cao
  • Quantifying dorsal closure in three dimensions November 1, 2016
    Dorsal closure is an essential stage of Drosophila embryogenesis and is a powerful model system for morphogenesis, wound healing, and tissue biomechanics. During closure, two flanks of lateral epidermis close an eye-shaped dorsal opening that is filled with amnioserosa. The two flanks of lateral epidermis are zipped together at each canthus ("corner" of the eye). […]
    Heng Lu
  • MRCK-1 Drives Apical Constriction in C. elegans by Linking Developmental Patterning to Force Generation July 26, 2016
    Apical constriction is a change in cell shape that drives key morphogenetic events including gastrulation and neural tube formation. Apical force-producing actomyosin networks drive apical constriction by contracting while connected to cell-cell junctions. The mechanisms by which developmental patterning regulates these actomyosin networks and associated junctions with spatial precision are not fully understood. Here we […]
    Daniel J Marston
  • Remodeling Tissue Interfaces and the Thermodynamics of Zipping during Dorsal Closure in Drosophila December 5, 2015
    Dorsal closure during Drosophila embryogenesis is an important model system for investigating the biomechanics of morphogenesis. During closure, two flanks of lateral epidermis (with actomyosin-rich purse strings near each leading edge) close an eye-shaped opening that is filled with amnioserosa. At each canthus (corner of the eye) a zipping process remodels the tissue interfaces between […]
    Heng Lu
  • Moving Inward: Establishing the Mammalian Inner Cell Mass August 26, 2015
    Early in mammalian development, a few cells move to the center of the embryo to establish the inner cell mass-the early precursor of the fetus. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Samarage et al. (2015) shed light on how these cells move inward.
    Bob Goldstein
  • Epithelial morphogenesis: apoptotic forces drive cell shape changes March 12, 2015
    Studying how cells produce and transmit forces that drive morphogenesis is critical to understanding organismal development. A new paper by Monier et al. (2015) identifies an apicobasal actomyosin cable that characterizes apoptotic cells and contributes force(s) for cell sheet bending.
    Daniel P Kiehart
  • Lattice light-sheet microscopy: imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution October 25, 2014
    Although fluorescence microscopy provides a crucial window into the physiology of living specimens, many biological processes are too fragile, are too small, or occur too rapidly to see clearly with existing tools. We crafted ultrathin light sheets from two-dimensional optical lattices that allowed us to image three-dimensional (3D) dynamics for hundreds of volumes, often at […]
    Bi-Chang Chen
  • Complete canthi removal reveals that forces from the amnioserosa alone are sufficient to drive dorsal closure in Drosophila September 26, 2014
    Drosophila's dorsal closure provides an excellent model system with which to analyze biomechanical processes during morphogenesis. During native closure, the amnioserosa, flanked by two lateral epidermal sheets, forms an eye-shaped opening with canthi at each corner. The dynamics of amnioserosa cells and actomyosin purse strings in the leading edges of epidermal cells promote closure, whereas […]
    Adrienne R Wells
  • Ion channels contribute to the regulation of cell sheet forces during Drosophila dorsal closure December 6, 2013
    We demonstrate that ion channels contribute to the regulation of dorsal closure in Drosophila, a model system for cell sheet morphogenesis. We find that Ca(2+) is sufficient to cause cell contraction in dorsal closure tissues, as UV-mediated release of caged Ca(2+) leads to cell contraction. Furthermore, endogenous Ca(2+) fluxes correlate with cell contraction in the […]
    Ginger L Hunter

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